In the formulas that follow, the coordinate strings are symbolically represented as follows:¶¶deg                     decimal degrees¶adeg                   absolute value of decimal degrees¶ideg                     integer degrees¶sdeg                   signed integer degree¶min                      real-number minutes¶imin                      integer minutes¶sec                      real-number seconds¶lathem, lonhem    hemisphere abbreviation¶¶
Forward calculation from decimal degree representation to DMSH representation:¶adeg = ABS(deg)¶ideg = INT(adeg)¶¶min = (adeg - ideg) * 60¶imin = INT(min)¶sec =  (min - imin) * 60¶¶Then for latitude, if deg < 0, lathem = S else lathem = N¶For longitude, if deg < 0, lonhem = W else lonhem = E¶¶Reverse calculation from DMSH representation to decimal degree representation:¶deg = (ideg + imin/60 + sec/3600) * H¶where for latitude H = 1 if lathem = N and H = -1 if lathem = S¶and for longitude  H = 1 if lonhem = E and H = -1 if lonhem = W